ማኅበራዊ መገናኛ – ስለ አሰራሮቹ ትንሽ ዳሰሳ

(Michyas Gizaw)

ማኅበራዊ መገናኛዎች (social medias) ማለት ከኢኒተርኔት መረብ ጋር ግኑኝነት ባላቸው ዲጂታል መሳርያዎች አማካኝነት ግለሰቦች ሃሳብና መረጃ የሚለዋወጡበት መድረክ ነው። የኪስ ስልኮችና የግለስብ ኮምፒውተሮች (Mobiles and PC) ዋነኛዎቹ መሳርያዎች ሲሆኑመልዕክት መለዋወጥ፣ አስተያየትና ትችት መጻፍ፣ ፎቶግራፎችንና ቪዴዮ መላላክ የመሳሰሉት ዘዴዎች ትልቁን ሥፍራ ይይዛሉ። ከዘመኑ የመንግሥ ወይም ርዕዮተ ዓለም ፕሮፖጋንዳዎ መንዣ መካከል ትላልቆቹ እንደ - CNN, BBC, RUSSIA TODAY (RT), AL – JEZEERA, - እናየመሳሰሉት ናቸው። ሁሉም ዓይነት ብዙሃን መገናኛ የትክክለኛ ዜና ምንጮች ላይሆኑ ይችላሉ። ከተለያዩ ምንጮች የሚሰራጩ ዜናዎችን በመስማት ግን አንድ እውነትን ሊያግዝ የሚያስችል ሚዛን ላይ መድረስ ይቻል ይሆናል። ሜድያ ትምህርትን ማስተላለፍያናማስተማርያ፣ ምርምሮች ማካሄጃ፣ የንግዱን ሥራ ማስተዋወቅያ፣ ብሎግ (blog) ከፍቶ የራስን አቋም ማንጸባረቅያ ለሚወዱት መልክ፣ አቋም፣ ትርፋማነት፣ ታዋቂነትና እውቅናን መስጫ ሲሆን በሌላ ጎኑ ደግሞ የሳይበር ጥቃት ማረፍያ፣ የግለሰቦችን ማንነት መናጃ፣ማብሸቅያ፣ የሚጠሉትን ማዋረጃ፣ ጠላትን ማብዣ፣ ኪሳራ አምጭ አፍራሽ የፖለቲካ ፕሮፖጋንዳ ሥራ መተግበርያም ነው። መገናኛ ብዙሃን በሁለት ቡድኖች መካከል ያለውን የሃሳብ ልዩነት በማጉላት እስከ ከፍተኛ ግጭትም ሊያደርስ ይችላል።

በጥቂቱ ጠቅሞ በአብዛኛው አስተሳሰብን የሚያመክነው የምዕራቡ ዓለም ማህበራዊ መገናኛ ለከፍተኛ ደረጃ የበቃው የሉላዊነቱን (Globalization) ርምጃ ተንጠላጥሎና የሳይንሱን ፍጥነት ተከትሎ ሲሆን ዋና ዋኖቹ እነ - FaceBook, Twitter, youtube, Four Square, Instagram, Linkedahn, Pinterest, Last FM, G+ ወዘት የመሳሰሉት ናቸው። እነ Google, hotmail, yahoo, ወዘተ ለትምህርት ሥርጭትና መልዕክት ልውውጥ ጠቀሜታቸው ጎልቶ ቢታይም እንኳን ዋናው ተልዕኳቸው በመላው ዓለም የሚገኙ ነጻ ተገልጋዮችን ሃሳብና ምስጢር መልቀምናማከማቸት ነው። በተለያዩ ቱቦዎች ላይ የሚለቀቁ ሃሳቦች አንዳንድ ጊዜ ድብልቅልቅ ያለ ግንዛቤ ስለሚወረውሩ በሰዎች ስነልቦና፣ ግብረገብና ስነ-ሥርዓት ላይ ከሚያደርሱት ብዥታ በተጨማሪ ትውልድ ስለወደፊቱ እንዳይመራመር አስተሳሰብን እያደነዘዙ በቴክኖሎጂአድናቆት እያማለሉ ዓዕምሮን ይሸብባሉ። ይህ የዘመኑ ልቁ ማህበራዊ መገናኛ ፍትህን (justice) ማግኛ ሳይሆን የምድሪቱን ኃብተ የተቆጣጠሩትን ያገለግል ዘንድ ቧልትን እያስፋፋና ሥነ-ምግባርን እየናደ ሌሎች ግብረገባዊ ያልሆኑ ግንዛቤዎችን ያለማምዳል። ሂሌሪ ኪሊንተንንአሽቀንጥሮ ትራምፕን የመጪው ዘመን የኋይት ሃውሱ ባሌቤት ያደረገው ታላቁ የሳይበር ጥቃት በሩስያ መፈጸሙን አሜሪካ ራሱ መናገሩ የዘመኑ ዕድገት ግኝት የኤሌክትሮኒክ ሳይንስ ፍጥነት ነገ ምን ዓይነት ተጨማሪ ክፋት ሊያመጣ እንደሚችል ከወዲሁ ማስጠንቀቅያሰጥቷል።

ስለ ብዙሃን መገናኛ ብዙ ሊባል ይቻላል ነገር ግን የዚህ ጽሁፍ አላማ መገናኛ ብዙሃን ትምህርት መቅሰምያ ጭቆናን መታገያ ከመሆናቸው ባሻገር በተቃራኒው ደግሞ እንደነ ቴሌቪዝንና ራዲዮ የመሳሰሉት የመንግሥት የፕሮፖጋንዳ መሳርያዎች በሕዝብ የነጻነትና ፍትህ ትግልላይ ከሚያደርሱት ተፅዕኖዎች መካከል ጥቂቱን ብቻ ለማየት ነው።

ኢትዮጵያውያን እግዚአብሄር ቃል የገባላት ሃገር ዜጎች ነን። በመሆኑም ድርጊቶቻችን ሁሉ የሰማዩን አባት የሚያከብር ብቻ መሆን ይገባዋል። እኛ ኢትዮጵያውያን ከማንም ይልቅ የሳይንስ ፍጥነት ወደ አስፈሪ ቦታ እየወሰደን እንደሆን ልናውቅ ይገባል። የዘመኑ እድገት መልካምሥርዓትንና ኃይማኖትንም ይደፍራል። ልቅ ወሲብና ግብረሰዶም ሳይቀር እንደ ግለሰብ መብት ተቆጥሮ የሜድያ ሽፋን ይደረግለታል። ይህ የተስፋፋው በአብዛኛው በመገናኛ ቴክኖሎጂው እድገት ምክንያት ነው። ሥነ ጥበብ፣ ኪነ ጥበብ፣ የፍልስፍና ክፍል በመሆኗ ዓለምከተዘፈቀችበት የግብረገብ ውድቀትና የሥነ-ምግባር መላሸቅ የምታላቅቅ መድሃኒት ነች። ኪነ ጥበብ ለእውነት መስፈን ስትል ለፍትህና ነጻነት በመታገል የብዙሃን መገናኛን ተንኮል ልትቋቋም ይገባታል።

ማህበራዊ መገናኛን ስናስብ ልንቃኘው ከሚገባን አፍራሽ ድርጊቶች መካከል ጥቂቱ ከዚህ በታች ከቁጥር 1 እስከ 8 የዘረዘሩትን ይመስላሉ። ይህ ሚዛናዊ መልዕክቶችንና ትምህርቶችን የሚያስተላልፉትን ለሕዝብ ጥቅም የሚለፉትን፣ ወጣቶች ትክክለኛውን መንገድ እንዲከተሉየሚተጉትን፣ ሥርዓትን ለብሰው ጠቃሚ እውነቶችን የሚያስተላለፉትንና የሕዝብን አደራ ተሸክመው ሙሰናን የሚያጋልጡት ሃቀኛ የማህበራዊ አገልግሎት ሜድያ ሥርጭት ተቋማትን አይመለከትም።

1. ጭቁን ሕዝቦች ርዕዮተ ዓለምን ተክታ በላያቸው ላይ የተንሰራፋችውን ሙስናን ለመገርሰስ ይሞክራሉ። በተቃራኒው ደግሞ የመገናኛ ብዙሃን በሰው ፊት ለሚቆሙት የሙስናዋ አስዳጊዎች እፍረት መቀነሻ ተቋማት ሆነው ያገለግላሉ። በባለሙስናዎቹ እርዳታ የተቋቋሙትእነዚህ ማሰራጫዎች ምንም የሌለ ለማስመሰል፣ ባለሙስና ምልክቶቹን ግለሰቦች ለቃለ ምልልስ ይጋብዟቸዋል። ሜድያ ይህን የምታደርገው ሙሰኛውን ለመጥቀም ብሎም የሙስናው ትግል ጋብ እንዲል ብቻ ሳይሆን በትግሉ መፈርጠም ሳብያ የጋራ ጥቅማቸው አደጋውስጥ እንዳይወድቅ ነው።

2. ሴተኛ አዳሪነትና ግብረሰዶም ቢስፋፋ ተጠቃሚዎቹ የምዕራብያውያኑ ሃገር ጎብኝዎችና በእነሱ ከለላና ጥላ ሥር ያሉ እፍረተ ቢስ ሙሰኞቹ የአፍሪካ መሪዎች ናቸው። ርካሽ የሴተኛ አዳሪዎችንና ግብረሰዶማውያንን ገላ አቅፎ ለመተኛት ሲሉ ምዕራብያኑ በግለሰብ ነጻነት ስምበደሃ ሃገሮች ላይ ውዥንብርን ያስፋፋሉ። ለምሳሌ “ከቱሪስቶች ከፍተኛ ገንዘብ እየተከፈላቸው በሴተኛ አዳሪነትና ግብረሰዶም የሚተዳደሩትን ወጣቶች ከዚህ አሳፋሪ ሥራቸው እንዲቆጠቡ ለማድረግ ጥረት ተደረገ” ብሎ በቴሌቪዥንና ሬዲዩ የዜና ሽፋን መስጠት ድሆችናየቀን ገቢያቸው ዝቅተኛ የሆኑ ወጣቶች ይህንኑ አሳፋሪ ሥራ እንዲፈጽሙ መገፋፋትና ማበረታታት ነው። በችግረኛ ወጣቶቹ ልብ ውስጥ የምትሰርጸው “ከፍተኛ ገንዘብ” የምትለዋ ዜና ነች። ገንዘብ ደግሞ ሰውን እጥቅም ቆሻሻ ውስጥ ትወረውራለች። “የሚያምር ሼፕያላቸው አፍሪካውያን” - “ከፍተኛ ገንዘብ ያለቻው ድምጻውያን” - አርቲስቷ ባሏን የፈታችበት ምስጢሯን ተነፈሰች” - እነኚህን የመሳሰሉ ስርጭቶች ሕጻናት የሚበሉት አጥተው በሚራቡበት የአፍሪካ ሃገሮች ላይ ባልተሰራጩ ነበር። እኛ አፍሪካውያን እንደፈረንጆቹየምንቀናጣበት ዘመን ላይ ገና አልደረስንምና የምዕራቡን የሜድያ ስልትና ተንኮል ጠንቅቀን ልናውቅ ይገባል።

3. “የወሲብ ግልጽነትና አጠቃቀም” - “ወሲብና ጤንነት” - በሚል ዘይቤ ታግዘው ወሲብን የሚያጋንን ስርጭት የሚያስፋፉት የብዙሃን መገናኛዎች ወጣቱ ሙስናን፣ በደልን፣ ጭቆናንና የፍትህ ረገጣን መታገል ትቶ በወሲብ ሱስ እንዲጠመድ ለማድረግ ግሎባላይዜሽኑየፈጠረው አልፈስፋሽ ዘዴ ነው። ተፈጥሯዊ ለሆነው ነገር ይህን ያህል የሜድያ ሽፋን የሚደረገው ወሲብ ልቅ ሲሆን ቅስም ሰባሪና ፈሪ ማድረግያ መሆኑ ስለተረጋገጠ ነው። ምዕራብያውያኑ የደረሱበትን ልቅ የዝሙት ፍላጎት ማስፋፍያ ይሆን ዘንድ “የባል ሚስት መተዋወቅያፕሮግራም”፣ “የፋሺን ጋጋታ" ወይም "የሙሽራውና ሙሽሪቱ ጠል ያለ ሠርግ” ዓይነቶቹ አፍዛዥ ትርዒቶች ለኛ በቀን አንዴ እንኳን ለማንበላው ደሆች ምን ይጠቅማል?

4. መዝባሪ ቱጃሮች፣ ታዋቂ አርቲስቶችንና ስፖረተኞችን የሚረዱት፣ ደጋጎች ተብለው በሕዝብ ዘንድ ለመወደድ ነው። አንዳንድ የሜድያው ሾው ባለብንረቶች ቱጃሮቹን እንዲወደሱ ለማድረግ የሜድያ ሽፋን ይዳርጉላቸዋል። በየሾዉ ቀርቦ ቃለ ምልልስ የሚደረግለት ባለሙስናምልክቱ ቱጃር እንደ ድሆች ረጂ (Philanthropist) እንጂ እንደ ጨቋኝ (Oppressor)  እንዳይታይ አድር ባይ ጋዜጠኞች እሱኑ ጋብዘው በራሳቸው ጊዜ ቀላል ያልሆነ የስነ ልቦና መስዋዕትነት ይከፍላሉ።

5. አንዳንድ ጊዜ ስለ ዝነኛ ሰዎች በጣም አጋኖ ማውራት፣ ድርጊቶቻቸውን ማርስ ላይ ከመውጣቱ የኅዋ ሳይንስ እኩል ማወደስ አፍሪካን የደላት ለማስመሰልና አገዛዙን ለማቀማጠል የሚተገበር ብልጭልጭ የሜድያ ስልት ነው። ቱጃሮች የሚረዱት የተለያዩ የshow መድረኮችሳይታወቃቸው የሙስና መንግሥታትን መልከ ጥፉነት በፕሮፖጋንዳ ሜክ-አፕ ሲያሰማምሩ ይስተዋላል። በእርግጥ ሥራው የገቢ ምንጭ ሊሆን ይችላል። ግን ሕዝብን እያዘናጉ ባለገንዘብ መሆን ሙያ አይደለም።

6. ጨቋን የአፍሪካ መዝባሪ ሙሰኞች ብዙውን ጊዜ ለቃለ ምልልስ ይዘጋጃሉ። ይህ ስልት “ድንቅ ተናጋሪ”፣ “በሳል መሪ” “ሃገር ወዳድ” የሚል ሽፋን እንዲሰጣቸው ያደርጋል። ቃለ መጠይቁን እንዲያቀርብ የሚታዘዘው ጋዜጠኛ ስለ አድርባይነቱ ደህና ገንዘብ ቢከፈለውምእንኳን “ሥርዓቱ የወደቅ ዕለት የት እገባለሁ” በሚለው ስጋት መሰቃየቱና “ምነም ገንዘቡ በቀረብኝ” እያለ በቁጭት መብገንገኑ die hard ጎራ ውስጥ ያሰልፈዋል። አንዳንድ የመንግሥት ደጋፊ ጋዤጠኞች በሃገራቸው ላይ ፍትህ መዛባቱ፣ ድሃው መራቡና መረገጡ፣ መሬትመቀርመቱ፣ ገንዘብና ኃብት በጥቂቶች መመዝበሩ፣ ገንዘብ ማሸሹ፣ ሙስናው ጣራ መንካቱን አጥተውት አይደለም። ሥርዓቱን የሚደግፉት በንዋይ ሱስ ምክንያት ነው።

7. መንግሥታት ሶስት ኃይል አላቸው። መከላከያ፣ ፖሊስና ደህንነቱ ዋነኛው ሲሆን ፋይናንስና ሕዝብ ግኑኝነቱ (Public Relation) ሌሎቹ ናቸው። የሙስና መንግሥታት ያልተንገዳገዱ መስለው የሚቀርቡት በቴሌቪዥንና ራዲዮ በመሳሰሉት ዓይነት የሕዝብ መገናኛዎች የባላድጋፍ ነው። የሜድያ ማደናገርያ ስልት ባይኖር ኖሮ የወታደሮቻቸው ብዛት ከውድቀት አያድኗቸውም ነበር። በእርግጥ ነገሮች ተለውጠዋል። ሙሰኞች በውጭ ያከማቹትን ገንዘብ እንኳን ሊበሉ የማያስችለቸው ዘመን ላይ ናቸው። የጭንቅ ጊዜዋ አማላጃቸው ለጊዜውምቢሆን ያችው የአድር ባዮቹ ሜድያ ተቋም ብቻ ነች።

8. ሙሰኞችንም ሆነ ኪራይ ሰብሳቢዎችን “ምን መጣ፣ ምን ሆንን”፣ እያሉ የሚያስጨንቃቸው በየሜድያው በሕዝብ የሚሠነዘረው እውነተኛ አስተያየት ነው። ባጠቃላይ የሙስና ክምችቶች ነገ ለመሞት ዛሬን እየተሰቃዩ የሚኖሩ (die hard) ትርጉም የለሽ ተንቀሳቃሽ ፍጡሮችመሆናቸውን አጉልቶ የሚያሳየው ማህበራዊው መገናኛ ነው። ከረባት አስረው ጋዜጣዊ መግለጫ ሰጡም ሆነ ለቃለ ምልልስ ተጋበዙ - ዞሮ ዞሮ እትከሻቸው ላይ የተቆለለው ሙስና መታየቱ አይቀርም። ኑሮዬ በቃኝ የሚለው ምሁር፣ በደሞዙ ብቻ የሚኖረው ባለስልጣን፣ሕዝብን ከልቡ የሚያገለግለው ሹመኛ፣ ከሕዝብ በታች ሆኖ የሚሰራው ትህትና የተላበሰው ሰው መልካምነቱ ሲታይ እንዲሁ ያስታወቃል። ሙሰኛ እኮ የእፉኝት ልጅ ነው። ሜድያ ባለሙስናውን አይኑን በጨው አጥቦ በሕዝብ ፊት እንዲቀርብ ይገፋፋው እንደሆን እንጂእፉኝነቱን እኮ አይከልልለትም።

በቸር ያውለን